Classes
Classes are a fundamental concept in C++ that allow you to create user-defined data types. They are used to define the blueprint for objects, which are instances of a class. Here's a tutorial on how to work with classes in C++:
1. Class Declaration:
To declare a class, you typically create a header file (.h or .hpp) for the class and define the class in it. Let's create a simple class called Person
:
// Person.h
#pragma once
class Person {
public:
// Member variables (data members)
std::string name;
int age;
// Member functions (methods)
void introduce();
};
In the example above, we've declared a class Person
with two member variables (name
and age
) and a member function (introduce
).
2. Class Definition:
Now, let's define the member functions of the Person
class in a separate source file (.cpp).
// Person.cpp
#include "Person.h"
#include <iostream>
void Person::introduce() {
std::cout << "Hello, my name is " << name << " and I am " << age << " years old." << std::endl;
}
Here, we define the introduce
method to print the person's name and age.
3. Creating Objects:
To use the Person
class, you need to create objects of that class in your main program:
// main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Person.h"
int main() {
// Create Person objects
Person person1;
Person person2;
// Set data for person1
person1.name = "Alice";
person1.age = 30;
// Set data for person2
person2.name = "Bob";
person2.age = 25;
// Call the introduce method
person1.introduce();
person2.introduce();
return 0;
}
4. Accessing Members:
You can access the member variables and call member functions using the dot .
operator. In our example, we set the name
and age
of person1
and person2
, and then called the introduce
method on both objects.
Person.introduce()
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